Earthing and protection guides
Practical notes for engineers, contractors and buyers: choosing electrodes, testing earth pits, solar earthing, lightning and surge protection.
GI vs copper vs copper-bonded earthing electrodes: which should you specify?
How galvanised iron, pure copper and copper-bonded steel electrodes differ in conductivity, corrosion life, installation and cost, and how to choose for your soil and fault level.
Read Earthing · 3 min readChemical earthing vs conventional earthing: what is actually different
What "chemical" or "maintenance-free" earthing really means, how it compares with plate and pipe earthing using salt and charcoal, and when each makes sense.
Read Testing · 4 min readHow to test earth pit resistance, and when to do it
A practical guide to the fall-of-potential (three-point) test, the 62% rule, clamp-on testers, and how to record results so problems are caught before they matter.
Read Solar · 4 min readEarthing a solar PV plant: a checklist for EPCs and installers
What to earth on a rooftop or ground-mount solar plant, how to separate and bond the DC, AC and lightning earths, and the protection devices that go with them.
Read Earthing · 3 min readEarth enhancement compound: what it does, how much to use, what to check
How backfill compound lowers earth resistance, how it compares with bentonite and salt, how to estimate quantity per pit, and the questions to ask a supplier.
Read Earthing · 3 min readFRP, cast iron, MS or RCC: choosing an earth pit cover
How to choose an earth pit cover by traffic, location and access needs, and what each material does well, from lightweight FRP to heavy-duty cast iron.
Read Lightning · 3 min readESE vs conventional lightning arresters: what the standards actually say
How early streamer emission (ESE) air terminals differ from Franklin rods and mesh systems, which standards cover each, and how to decide what your project should specify.
Read Surge protection · 3 min readType 1, Type 2 and Type 3 SPDs explained, with what to put where
What surge protective device types mean, the ratings that matter (Iimp, In, Imax, Up, Uc), and how to coordinate SPDs from the main incomer to sensitive equipment and solar inverters.
Read Solar · 4 min readSizing gPV fuses for solar strings: when you need them and which rating
When string fuses are required, how to choose the current and voltage rating from module data, and why temperature derating matters in a hot combiner box.
Read Earthing · 3 min readExothermic welding vs mechanical clamps for earthing joints
Why buried earthing joints fail, how exothermic welds compare with bolted and compression connectors, and how to plan moulds, powder and joint types for a site.
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